- To achieve print-ready images, your photographs must be shot with a camera that captures 8 Megapixels or higher. Any less than that and your image may not be properly editable for printed catalog reproduction.
- Lighting is critical. Each type of lighting is interpreted differently by the camera. Natural light (overcast or sunny), incandescent or tungsten (regular light bulbs), fluorescent—all can drastically change the quality of the image by creating a “color cast” and each requires a different exposure adjustment. The white balance adjustment in the camera compensates for these lighting conditions. Using a flash is not an option as it will only illuminate a small area of the piece and will definitely looks amateurish. The photo below left was shot with regular indoor incandescent or tungsten lighting, with the flash suppressed. Tungsten lighting produces a reddish/orange cast. The image a right was shot outdoors with overcast light which produces a more accurate color representation.
- Keep it simple. A busy background, cluttered vignette, anything that competes with your artwork, is distracting and takes away from the art. Avoid shadows, reflections, wrinkles, background surprises, awkward angles, dust, dirt, etc. Speaking of backgrounds: gray or white backgrounds are best. Avoid black backgrounds. Below is a good example of why a backdrop is important.
- Depending on the piece, it may be better to photograph directly head on or from above. This helps reduce distortion and foreshortening of the object. Experiment to see what works best. The image below left is distorted and it looks like the book is falling over. Watch out for “lens distortion” as shown in the photograph below right. Many digital cameras these days create a rounded or pinched look with lines (such as the edges of a book) that should be straight. Also be sure that you don't cut off part of your book or crop your image too closely. A bit of white space around your image is a good thing.
- Quality counts! Out-of-focus photos are common even in today’s auto-focus world. Additional sharpening in photo-editing software may be required to adjust sharpness. Also, watch out for image “noise.” We used to call this “film grain” but these days it’s noise and it really detracts from your image. View your image at 100% to judge noise and focus.
A Checklist For Good Quality Photographs
- Does the image meet the requirements for size and resolution?
- Is the image shot of a grey or white background?
- Are the colors you see on screen neutral? Are the whites white?
- Is the book object straight?
- Is the photograph in focus?
- Is the image noise under control?
Equipment and tips for optimum success. Here's what you'll need to get started:
- Digital camera that can shoot at least 8 Megapixels with a suppress flash option, white balance adjustment.
- A large tabletop, or other flat surface. You can even use the floor. Experiment to see if your piece looks better flat, head on, or propped up.
- White or gray backdrop; may be cloth or paper. Make sure to iron out any wrinkles. Experiment depending on the size of your piece and structure of your piece. We do not recommend a black background. It is very difficult to shoot properly at home and many galleries frown on black backgrounds as the object always seems to be floating in space.
- Lighting is critical. Each type of lighting is interpreted differently by the camera. Natural light (overcast or sunny), incandescent or tungsten (regular light bulbs), fluorescent—all can drastically change the quality of the image by creating a “color cast” and each requires a different exposure adjustment. The white balance adjustment in the camera compensates for these lighting conditions. Using a flash is not an option as it will only illuminate a small area of the piece and will definitely looks amateurish. Often the best light is outside on an overcast day, when there is no direct sunlight to cast unwanted shadows. Get to know your camera’s white balance adjustment and use it to compensate for the lighting conditions. (See the examples in Part I of this article.)
- A tripod is a good tool especially if you do not have a steady hand or are just starting out. Keep in mind, though, it will be harder to photograph from above with a tripod. Some work, especially larger flat pieces are better shot from above. Get as close in as you can. Sometimes because of the positioning constraints, you might have to use the telephoto option.
- Try photographing your work at several different angles. You may overlook subtle details that will become obvious at the computer. Having to set up and retake your photos several times gets old very quickly. You’ll be looking for shadows, wrinkles, background surprises, surface details not immediately noticed, angles not quite right, dust, dirt, etc.
- Photo editing software. Photoshop is the industry standard and if you can use it for editing, it might make things a lot easier. Photoshop Elements will work as well, and is designed more for the novice. Other software options may be able to achieve the same results.
Editing Your Photographs on the Computer
First and foremost: find out the size and resolution requirements for the show or gallery submission. Some venues require only web-ready images, which are much lower resolution than print-ready images. If a juried show will be producing a print catalog, as is very common these days, they may require “hi-res” or print-ready photographs. Web-ready images will generally be 72 dpi or ppi (dots per inch or pixels per inch, which are used interchangeably). Print-ready photographs will need to be 300 ppi. Always check these requirements before you start shooting. Here are the basic steps for editing your photographs:
- Save your original and edit a copy of your photograph. You may not like the changes you have made and want to go back to the original.
- Crop your photo to show as much of the piece as possible, leaving enough background to give your book some room to breathe. Avoid too much background as it is irrelevant to the work, and distracting. You may need to rotate your photograph to best accommodate your vertical or horizontal book shape.
- Make sure the book is straight in the image frame and that the perspective is correct. Fix any unusual angles or lens distortions.
- Explore the color correction features of your software program. You can try “Auto” correction options and see how it looks. If this doesn’t seem quite right, go through the steps to correct color cast, brightness, saturation, etc. until the image most closely resembles the actual book.
- Size images exactly as requested. How many inches should your image be? What should your resolution be? For images that will go to print, the resolution will need to be 300 ppi or dpi; for the web, 72. When keeping the size the same, but changing the resolution, uncheck “resample”. When changing the size, but want to keep the resolution the same, check “resample”.
- For a good article on how to resize or change image resolution, go to this link. Also, when editing for size and resolution, be sure to keep “restrain proportions” checked when offered as an option.
- Sharpen the photo. Almost all digital images benefit from some sharpening in your photo editing software. But, don’t try to sharpen an image that is out of focus. Reshoot that one.
- Always remember, for the best final product, it’s best to start off with the best quality image right out of the camera and make as few edits as possible. Too much editing will make your image look grainy or blurry. Even though Photoshop is magical, you are always one extra edit away from losing image quality.
- In Photoshop, when you save or close the file, the “JPEG Options” screen will pop up. Save your image at “maximum” quality and check “baseline (standard).”
- When naming your file, be sure to use some identifying information, like your last name. If you are submitting to a juried show the organizers will probably have a required naming convention. Be sure to use it. Here at 23 Sandy we always need your images to be named as, “yourlastname-1-a.jpg” etc. Follow the show requirements exactly, otherwise you images might get lost.
- Send off you entry!
A Checklist For Good Quality Photographs
- Does the image meet the requirements for size and resolution?
- Is the image shot of a grey or white background?
- Are the colors you see on screen neutral? Are the whites white?
- Is the book object straight?
- Is the photograph in focus?
- Is the image noise under control?
Now you’re off! Good luck and we hope to see a few great photos of your work sometime soon!
How To: Photograph Your Books
Reply With Quote